The Global Positioning System(GPS) (Brown and Hwang 1997; Farrell and Barth 1999; Gelb 1974) and inertial navigation system (INS) have complementary operational characteristics and the synergy of both systems has been widely explored. An integrated GPS/INS system is typically carried out through the extended Kalman filter (EKF). The EKF is the approximate nonlinear filters which linearizes the system…

Earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, collapsed buildings… There are many situations in which people could suddenly become trapped and unable to free themselves without the assistance of search and rescue professionals…

Consider the scenario, date 1.1.2020: “Mr. A buys property in Meerut, city in Uttar Pradesh (UP), India from Mr. B in Dec 2019. The ownership-title that Mr. B is the Owner, is guaranteed by the Government Registrar. As a matter of fact, all the properties with the names of their owner are recorded centrally in the computer in the office of Land Survey Department of UP. The location like trees and wells, etc are all photographed on an aerial photograph…

Today, the civil positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) community needs a clear and concise statement of PNT needs. This statement should incorporate all aspects of PNT services and all applications and modes of PNT use. With such a statement, providers of PNT technology and services will be better able to plan for, develop, and implement their PNT services. While I offer my thoughts on this need for the United States, the arguments…

GPS ranging is based on the reception of the LoS component of the signals transmitted from the constellation of GPS satellite vehicles (SV), and on measuring the time elapsed in the propagation of appropriately time-marked signal signatures. Even in the absence of any reflected (multipath) signal components, the determination of physical separations between SVs and receiver is tied to a subtlety arising…