WGS84 is a widely used reference system for navigation purposes, especially using GNSS technologies (Hoffman-Wellenchoff et al. 1997). Furthermore, navigation tools like Google Earth, uses WGS84 coordinates for point acquisition.

The Philippines is an archipelagic country located in Southeast Asia. It has a total land area of approximately 300,000 sqkm and 36,289 km of coastline. Its neighbors include Taiwan in the North, Indonesia in the South and Vietnam in the West.

Much has already been written about how the smartphone is sounding the death knell for the personal navigation device (PND), and indeed, traditional PND manufacturers have struggled to cope with this new threat – most are bleeding badly from their PND units.

Later in 1888, it was reorganized as Japanese Imperial Land Survey, and then it became the Geographical Survey Institute in former Home Ministry in 1945. Its official English appellation was changed to ‘Geospatial Information Authority of Japan’ in April 2010.

The information on orbital parameters, navigation signals and technical characteristics of systems and networks in the radionavigation-satellite service (RNSS) (space-to-Earth, space-to-space) operating in the bands 1 164-1 215 MHz, 1 215-1 300 MHz, and 1 559-1 610 MHz are presented in this Recommendation.

Amongst GNSS receiver design criteria such as accuracy, sensitivity, channels etc., the Time To First Fix (TTFF) is an important criterion, which defines how fast a navigation solution is available to the user since receiver power on.

Nokia has acquired 3D-mapping company Earthmine. Moving quickly, the struggling mobile firm has launched a new free location cloud service called Here, available at the URL Here. net.

At the site of the future main Galileo Security Monitoring Center (GSMC) in Saint Germain en Laye outside Paris, a ground-breaking ceremony was organised by the French Space Agency (CNES), with a large contingent of French civilian and military authorities and EU officials in attendance.

Designed for a wide range of survey applications, the SIRIUS UAV is a fixed wing structure ideal for corridor mapping roads, pipelines and power lines, calculating stockpile volumes, monitoring erosion, reconciliation and progress reporting.

Prior to using the Nikon Nivo total station, leveling was accomplished with a theodolite and precision leveling rod. The theodolite system was very easy to use, but distances could not be measured, and it required manually calculating the height differences and calculation errors and manually entering the values into a computer.