GNSS 2D positioning accuracy is well defined. According to the receiver model, the software, the positioning Mode, the available corrections used, the 2D positioning accuracy vary from few meters to mm. However the altimetry positioning with GNSS is less accurate than 2D one. Without an accurate Geoid reference earth surface, the levelling survey by GNSS couldn’t be done with sufficient accuracy needed for several fields of survey like construction or water management projects.

The Blue Book for Maritime Policy (European Commission, 2007), the Communication “Marine Knowledge 2020” (2010) and the Directive 2007/2/ EC of the European Parliament and the Council (INSPIRE Directive) are examples that recognize the importance of establishing an appropriate marine data and information infrastructure.

With the slogan “GNSS and Security“ the Munich Satellite Navigation Summit started a new decade of conferences and mentioned that this unique European Satnav-conference has its 10th anniversary. The organizing institute ISTA (which was former known as Institute of Geodesy and Navigation) from the Universitaet der Bundeswehr Muenchen, invited highranking speakers from all over the world to discuss the progress and challenges of GNSS.

April 2012
6th International Satellite Navigation Forum, 17-18 April, 2012,
Moscow, Russia, https://mycoordinates.org/the-6thinternational-satellite-navigation-forum/;

The recent ruling of US Supreme Court
Which has termed placing GPS tracker without a warrant as illegal
Has prompted The US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
To turn off about 3,000 tracking devices.

IFEN was the first company in Europe to work on ground based integrity monitoring. Starting out with research and development in 1999 for regional augmentation system EGNOS V1, IFEN is currently providing maintenance to the current SoL certified EGNOS V2 for the integrity check. Furthermore, IFEN will continue to make major contributions to the ongoing definition of the next generation EGNOS V3.

Despite the good performance of GPS, there are more than a few GNSS vulnerabilities and threats. Categorisation into unintentional and intentional is sometimes done to aid understanding. Unintentional disruptions include natural phenomena such as high levels of ionospheric disturbance and solar flares, as well as man-made phenomena including system errors (satellite or signal), and unwanted radio frequency transmissions (TV, microwave communications, radar, …).

Replacing the horizontal datum of a country is a complicated and difficult project. The decision to embark on such a “revolutionary” move should only be taken after in-depth studies to identify compelling reasons for such replacement. Here, we comment on the article by Tahir et al. published in the September 2011 issue of Coordinates.

April 2012
6th International Satellite Navigation Forum, 17-18 April, 2012,
Moscow, Russia, https://mycoordinates.org/the-6thinternational-satellite-navigation-forum/;

Interexpo Geo-Siberia, 17-19 April, 2012,
Novosibirsk, Russia, http://itcsib.ru/event/4-INTEREKSPO_GEO-SIBIR;

In Spatially Enabled Government
‘Government’ remains the key
And not the ‘Spatial Information’.
As the ‘governments’ are expected to imbibe
The ethics, principles and purpose
Of governance