Li-Ta Hsu, Wen-Ming Tsai and Shau-Shiun Jan
This section conducts the static and dynamic experiments of the indoor positioning algorithms mentioned above, and these results are used to find the best indoor positioning algorithm for the RTIPS. To implement the indoor positioning tests, the classroom 5834 of the DAA building of NCKU is chosen as the experiment place. In this paper, the fingerprinting method based on the RSS is utilized to estimate the user location.

The year 1978 saw the launch of the first Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite. Today, GPS, as the first and currently only operational global navigation satellite system (GNSS), is widely used and is a vital technology for many of society’s economic, scientific and social activities. Applications can be found everywhere, such as spacecraft navigation, geodesy, surveying and mapping, precision navigation, machine guidance, vehicle fleet management and “intelligent transport systems” (ITS), emergency services and “location based services” (LBS). Clearly the development of GPS has revolutionised what are now termed “positioning, navigation and timing” (PNT) activities.

Around the transit area between the indoor and outdoor environments of buildings, it is anticipated that the number of available measurements may not be sufficient for localization and the undesirable non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and multipath errors would severely deteriorate the localization accuracy. To estimate user location reliably where measurements from global positioning system (GPS) receivers are corrupted or not available, network-based methods have been actively investigated.

Nowadays, a growing number of GNSS users demand highly-accurate positioning with minimal latency. PPP is a new positioning technique providing centimeter-level error. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) processes measurements from a single user receiver, using detailed physical models and corrections, and precise GNSS orbit and clock products computed beforehand.

GPS receivers are able to be employed in the survey field as low cost sensors or for applications where it is necessary to have a good ratio between cost and benefits. Nowadays, there are several low cost GPS receivers able to provide both pseudorange and carrier phase measurements in the L1band, that allow to have good real-time performances in outdoor condition. The present paper describes a set of dedicated tests in order to evaluate the positioning accuracy in static conditions.

A very interesting feature of the transmitter approach is the possibility to locate transmitters underneath the receiver. The transmitter-based approach is an indoor positioning method, based on the use of a local infrastructure, aiming to provide accuracies of 1 to 2 meters. The GNSS signals are received by an outdoor antenna located in a place with an unobstructed view of the satellites. Note that another possibility is to use a GNSS signal generator (generating one or 4 satellites) instead of the outdoor antenna.

The Arctic ice is receding at a faster pace than expected a few years ago, and is quickly opening for increased human activities beyond the Arctic Circle (66.56° N). This drives a growing demand for navigation in the Arctic area, which is mainly composed of marine expanses and the land masses of Norway, Iceland, Greenland (Denmark), Northern Canada, Alaska (USA), and the Northern parts of Russia…

Phase multipath is one of the most crucial error sources in centimetre or millimetre level GNSS high precision positioning. Short-delay multipath is still especially difficult to detect or mitigate by the state-of-the-art hardwarebased techniques. Therefore, processing algorithm-based multipath mitigation methods are crucial for the further improvement of positioning accuracy, either integrated with other techniques or in a stand-alone mode…

For the final evaluation of a GPS attitude determination algorithm (GADA), it was determined its true performance in terms of its accuracy, reliability and dynamic response. To accomplish that, a flight test campaign was carried out at the Brazilian Flight Test Division (GEEV) to validate the attitude determination algorithm. In this phase, the measured aircraft attitude was compared to a reference attitude, to allow the determination of the errors…

Satellite positioning is the term used to describe the determination of the absolute and relative coordinates of points on (or above) the Earth’s land or sea surface by processing measurements to, and/or form, artifi cial Earth Satellites. In this context, absolute coordinates refer to the position of a point in a specified coordinate system, whereas relative coordinates refer to the position of one point with respect to another…