A report on GNSS performance standards
John W. Lavrakas
GNSS service providers are to be commended for providing performance standards, and verifying they are being met. With multiple constellations, there is an opportunity to learn from one another and improve the service commitments.I believe that all GNSS and RNSS will have documented performance standard commitments... [more]

Living structure down to earth and up to heaven: Christopher Alexander
Bin Jiang
This paper is intended to defend living structure as a physical phenomenon, and a mathematical concept, clarifying some common questions and misgivings surrounding Alexander’s design thoughts,such as the objective or structural nature of beauty, building styles advocated by Alexander, and mysterious nature of his concepts. This paper helps people understand why beautiful things are beautiful, and why ugly things are ugly, through the underlying living structure. Living structure is to beauty what temperature is to warmness. We present here the first part of the paper or the down to earth part. Here we present the up to heaven and concluding part of the paper.... [more]

CADASTRAL MAPPING

Long-range single baseline RTK GNSS positioning
Brian Bramanto, Irwan Gumilar
We have demonstrated the potential use of a long-range single baseline GNSS RTK method in the land cadastral application.It should be noted that GNSS method is not a best solution in all conditions. In this work, we setup and ideal condition that is suitable for GNSS positioning... [more]

Covid-19 Lockdown 1.0 and Air Pollution in north-western India using Sentinel 5P
Shashi Shekhar
The paper analyses air quality through three parameters namely aerosol (AER), which is broadly referred as dust & smoke, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) retrieved from Sentinel 5P satellite mission during first week imposition of Covid-19 Covid-19 Lockdown 1.0 by comparing multiple time-series satellite data of 2019 & 2020 and supplemented by ground measurements.... [more]